Distance and near vision changes after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in eyes with center-involving diabetic macular edema

Purpose: To elucidate distance and near vision changes after intravitreal injections in center?involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) in phakic and pseudophakic groups. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 148 eyes (72 phakic and 76 pseudophakic) with center?involving DME. All eyes were treated with intravitreal anti?vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. All patients underwent distance best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, near BCVA testing, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and follow?up visits. Eyes that could not improve after the first injection were given 2nd, 3rd, and more injections in the subsequent visits. Results: On follow?up, post injections in the phakic group (n = 72), there were 65 eyes (90.3%) with stable/improved near vision and 59 eyes (81.9%) with stable/improved distance vision, whereas in the pseudophakic group (n = 76), 63 eyes (82.9%) and 60 eyes (78.9%), respectively. Both in phakic and pseudophakic eyes, 7.7%–13% of the cohort showed only near vision improvement. Conclusion: In DME, besides the changes in distance vision, there are also changes in near vision. These changes should be taken into account while determining the response to anti?VEGF in DME treatment.

Establishing Normative Values for Amplitude of Accommodation and Accommodative Facility among University Students in Malawi

The study aimed to examine the distribution of Accommodative Facility (AF) and Amplitude of Accommodation (AA) and compare the findings with established guidelines.Place and Duration of Study: Mzuzu University, Malawi. Between May and July 2022.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Mzuzu university in Malawi. We recruited 77 students using a stratified random sampling technique. The participants' age ranged from 16 to 35 years of age. We measured AA using the push-up method while AF was measured using +/- 1.50 Diopters (D) flippers. Both techniques utilized black reading material on white background held at 40 centimeters (cm). Next, we measured the accommodation facility by counting the number of Cycles per Minute (c/m). We utilized the Pearson correlation test and the One-way ANOVA where appropriate. The value of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participants comprised 44 (57.1%) males and 33 (42.9%) females. Monocular AA was 10.04D (SD=2.71) and Binocular AA was 10.51 (3.641). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). While Monocular AF and Binocular AF were 9 c/m (SD= SD=1.84) and 8.96 (SD=1.539) respectively but the difference was non-significant (p=0.868). AF and AA were not significantly different between males and females. All the parameters decreased with age. The measured AA was significantly higher than using Hofstetter’s formula.Conclusion: The study provides a cut-off value for practitioners diagnosing Accommodation anomalies. However, indices in the study differ from the well-established guidelines hence practitioners should endeavor to perform the clinical assessment instead of relying on equations.

Incidence and risk factors of near vision impairment in patients with asthenopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of near vision impairment(NVI)in patients with asthenopia.<p>METHODS: Totally 51 patients(102 eyes)with visual fatigue in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled. According to whether the near vision of daily life is damaged, it is divided into daily near vision impairment group(24 cases)and no near vision impairment group(27 cases). General information of all patients were collected, and routine eye examination, subjective optometry and binocular eye movement parameter detection were detected.<p>RESULTS: In the survey, 27 patients(53%)with near vision impairment in naked eye and 24 patients(47%)with impaired near vision in daily life, and all patients had a significant improvement in visual acuity after correct optometry, and there was no one who has best corrected near visual acuity impairment. The age of patients with daily near vision impairment was significantly higher than that of patients without near vision impairment. The proportion of patients aged ≥45 years was significantly higher than that without near vision impairment(<i>P</i><0.01). NRA/PRA, vergence \〖BO(40cm)\〗, and amplitude of vergence(40cm)were significantly different between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Nearly half of patients with asthenopia would suffer NVI. The increase of age and imbalance between NRA and PRA as the predominant risk factors for its development.

Vision Status: Presbyopic Patient Undergone Corneal Inlay Procedure / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This study reports the vision status of a presbyopic patient who has undergone a corneal inlay procedure. The study hopes to provide optometrists more insight on the procedure and the co-management involved in such a patient. The patient, a 48 years-old Chinese woman with presbyopia underwent the corneal inlay procedure three years ago. She had the inlay implanted in the non-dominant eye to aid near vision i.e. her left eye. The pre and post-operative evaluations include distance and near visual acuity, fundoscopy, tonometry, Schirmer’s test, slit lamp evaluation, corneal topography and corneal pachymetry. Near visual acuity for the left eye improved from N14 to N5 immediately after the procedure. Even after 3 years of post-operative followup, the patient was still able to maintain her near vision. In conclusion, the corneal inlay procedure helped to improve near vision of this presbyopic patient. Optometrist plays a very important role in the co-management of such patients alongside with the ophthalmologist in terms of visual functional assessments pre and post-surgery, counseling of the procedure and managing patients’ expectations.

Prevalence, causes of blindness, visual impairment and cataract surgical services in Sindhudurg district on the western coastal strip of India.

Background: Konkan coast of India is geographically distinct and its pattern of blindness has never been mapped. Aim: To study the prevalence and causes of blindness and cataract surgical services in Sindhudurg district of West Coast. Subjects: Individual aged > 50 years. Materials and Methods: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness used to map blindness pattern in the district. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 19. Results: Amongst those examined 1415 (51.7%) had visual acuity (VA) >20/60, 924 (33.8%, confidence interval (C.I) 30.5%‑36.8%) had VA 20/200‑<20/60(visual impairment), 266 (9.7%, C.I. 6.1%‑13.3%) had VA < 20/200‑20/400 (severe visual impairment) and 132 (4.8%, C. I. 1.1%‑8.5%) had VA < 20/400 (blindness by WHO standards). There was no significant gender difference in prevalence of blindness, but blindness and visual impairment was more in older and rural residing individuals. Amongst those with presenting vision < 20/200 in better eye, 309 (82.4%) had cataract, 36 (9.7%) had corneal scars, 13 (3.5%) had diabetic retinopathyand 3 (0.8%) had glaucoma. Cataract surgical coverage for the district was only 30.5%; 32% for males and 28.4% for females. Unable to afford, lack of knowledge and lack of access to services were the commonest barriers responsible for cataract patients not seeking care. Amongst those who had undergone cataract surgery, only 50% had visual acuity ≥ 20/60.46.9% of the population had spectacles for near, but only 53.3% of the population had presenting near vision < N10. Conclusion: Cataract, refractive errors and diabetes were significant causes of visual impairment and blindness.

Changes in near vision and stereopsis after orthokeratology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To provide a proper assessment of the clinical use of orthokeratology by observing and analyzing the ocular biometric changes of the eyes and the stereopsis of the myopia. METHODS:Sixty eyes from 30 myopia ( from 8 to 17 years old) were fitted with orthokeratology. Stereopsis, visual acuity, near visual acuity, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, average anterior corneal refractive power ( K value ) , and intraocular pressure were measured before the orthokeratology treatment and 3mo after it. Refraction was expressed as spherical equivalent ( SE) , and the subjects were divided into 3 groups according to refraction: low myopia group (SE RESULTS:All subjects had significant improvements in visual acuity and near visual acuity 3mo after the orthokeratology treatment (P0. 05 ). Three months after the orthokeratology treatment, Naked eye near stereoacuity values of all subjects were decreased (P 0. 05 ). There was significant correlation in stereopsis and anisometropia ( Pearson coefficient r = 0. 778, P 0. 05). CONCLUSlON:Orthokeratology could lower K value in a short time and change the corneal curvature to correct myopia, to improve visual acuity and near visual acuity. lt also has an influence on improving stereopsis. There are no obviously changes in patients' central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth or intraocular pressure after the orthokeratology treatment, making it a safe and effective treatment for adolescent.

The Prognostic Factors that Influence in Near Vision after Accommodative Intraocular Lens Implantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic factors to determine the uncorrected near visual acuity of patients who undergone routine cataract surgery and WIOL-CF(R) (Gelmed international, Kamenne Zehrovice, Czech Republic) accommodative intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: This study evaluated 46 eyes of 27 patients who had undergone routine cataract surgery and WIOL-CF(R) accommodative IOL implantation. We checked visual acuities at near and distant before surgery. And we also checked age and gender of patients and manifest refraction, corneal astigmatism and axial length of eyes at that time. We analyzed association between these factors and uncorrected near visual acuity at postoperative 6 and 12 month. RESULTS: Univariate linear regression analyses between uncorrected near visual acuity and preoperative patients characteristics suggested that the age of patients was the only statistically significant independent variable on uncorrected near visual acuity at postoperative 6 (p < 0.001) and 12 (p < 0.001) month. Multiple regression analyses also revealed the same results (p = 0.021 at postoperative 6 month and p = 0.042 at postoperative 12 month). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that the age is the one of the most important prognostic factors of postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity after WIOL-CF(R) accommodative intraocular lens implantation.

Efecto de la resonancia magnética sobre la agudeza visual cercana / Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on near visual acuity

Objetivos: determinar la variación de la agudeza visual cercana en pacientes expuestos a campos magnéticos intensos por períodos cortos en estudios de resonancia magnética.Métodos: estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos, que incluyó 9 hombres y 31 mujeres alfabetas mayores de 40 años; debían tener una agudeza visual mejor de 20/200 y no estar bajo los efectos de medicamentos ansiolíticos. Estas personas fueron sometidas a procedimientos diagnósticos de resonancia magnética de cabeza y cuello; antes del procedimiento e inmediatamente después de terminarlo se les midió la agudeza visual (AV) con la carta de visión cercana de Jaeger. Las mediciones fueron llevadas a cabo por dos observadores diferentes, cada uno de los cuales desconocía los resultados obtenidos por el otro.Resultados: las medias de la agudeza visual cercana antes y después de la resonancia magnética fueron, respectivamente, 1.4324 ± 0.4766 m y 1.4375 ± 0.5024 m (p = 0.505).Conclusiones: en el grupo evaluado no se evidenciaron cambios estadísticamente significativos de la agudeza visual cercana después de un estudio de resonancia magnética de cabeza y cuello.

Purpose: To determine the variation of near visual acuity, in patients exposed during short periods to intense magnetic fields in studies of magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Descriptive study of a case series that included 40 healthy and literate individuals older than 40 years, nine of them men, submitted to a procedure of head and neck magnetic resonance imaging; all of them had near visual acuity better than 20/200 without glasses, and were not underthe effects of ansiolytic medications.Near vision was measured with the Jaeger chart before and immediately after the RM imaging procedure. Measurements were carried out by twodifferent observers; every one of them did not know the results obtained by the other.Results: Means for near vision acuity before and after the magnetic resonance imaging procedure were, respectively, 1.4324 ± 0.4766 m and 1.4375 ± 0.5024 m (p = 0.505).Conclusions: In the evaluated group, no statistically significant change was observed in near vision acuity after head and neck magnetic resonance imaging procedures.